21世纪初华中地区发展的资源环境基础

作为中国21世纪资源开发的重要场所，华中地区资源环境开发利用将对国家社会经济发展起到举足轻重的作用。对华中地区资源本底特征、人地关系演进状态及发展趋势进行了分析，认 为华中地区拥有较好的资源基础，特别是在水土两大资源的结合方面。但是从现状和未来国家高速工业发展看，未来华中地区自然资源承载负荷将面临较以往更为巨大和更为艰难的挑战。一方面，优越的地理位置使华中地区在国家未来经济发展与资源环境协调过程中的重要地位更为突出，另一方面，当地的人口增长和经济发展同样会对有限的资源基础造成越来越大的压力。因此，区域发展政策应当做出相应调整。     

白洋淀上覆水及沉积物中微塑料赋存特征

为探究我国白洋淀淡水环境中微塑料的赋存特征,于2021年10月通过野外采样、实验室预处理、显微镜观察和激光红外光谱测定等方法鉴定了淀区10份上覆水及10份沉积物样品中微塑料的丰度分布、形状、粒径和聚合物类型,并通过Stokes沉降公式研究了微塑料在上覆水-沉积物界面的沉降规律,对其污染特征及潜在来源进行分析.结果表明,淀区上覆水及沉积物中微塑料丰度范围分别为474～19 382 n·m^-3和95.3～29 542.5 n·kg^-1,平均值为6 255.4 n·m^-3和11 088 n·kg^-1.上覆水中的微塑料主要聚合物为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯[PET,(17.20±0.26)%],沉积物中微塑料以氯化聚乙烯[CPE,(46.11±1.30)%]为主.淀区内微塑料的沉降速度从0.079 3～111.754 7 mm·s^-1不等,粒径大的颗粒沉降速度较高,易沉降并保留在沉积物中.研究区微塑料污染主要来源为洗涤废水产生的纺织纤维排放,船舶漆、船舶橡胶和建筑材料磨损等过程.     

桂林会仙岩溶湿地水体与沉积物中有机氯农药污染特征

湿地对环境污染起重要的缓冲作用,但岩溶区岩溶管道的存在会导致污染物沿高度发达的岩溶管道对地下环境产生威胁.因此,认识岩溶地貌环境中的污染物分布特征是污染物生态风险评估与防范的前提.以24种有机氯农药（OCPs）为研究对象,分析了桂林会仙湿地枯水期和丰水期水体和表层沉积物中OCPs的含量组成特征,解析其来源,并开展风险评价.结果表明,水体中ρ（OCPs）范围为3.17~92.50 ng ·L^-1,沉积物中ω（OCPs）范围为1.16~219.52 ng ·g^-1,呈现以六六六（HCHs）和滴滴涕（DDTs）为主的污染特征,水中OCPs含量表现为丰水期高于枯水期,沉积物中OCPs含量枯水期高于丰水期.特征比值法表明OCPs主要为长时间降解残留,部分点位有林丹的新输入.基于蒙特卡洛模拟开展健康风险评价,结果表明,95%分位数水平上,水体中OCPs对人体致癌风险大于1×10^-6,存在潜在健康风险但可接受;非致癌风险均低于1,说明研究区水体中OCPs残留水平不足以对人体造成非致癌风险.     

Calcined Oil Shale Semi-coke for Significantly Improved Performance Alginate-Based Film by Crosslinking with Ca2+

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Oil shale semi-coke (OSSC) is the residual solid waste after refining of oil shale, which principally contains organic matter and minerals. The common...     

应用DNDC模型估算区域农业土壤N2O释放通量和释放量——以贵州省为例

根据ＤＮＤＣ模型能较好地拟合贵州省玉米－油菜轮作田、大豆－冬小麦轮作田和休耕地的N₂O释放通量及其影响因子的季节变化模式,采用ＤＮＤＣ模型估算了以县为空间分辨尺度的贵州省农业土壤１９９５ 年N₂O释放通量和释放量;定量评估了施肥和耕作农业活动对该地区N₂O释放量的贡献． 本工作将为准确估算我国农业土壤的N₂O释放量和提出科学的减排措施提供研究基础和方法参考．     

Distribution characteristics of dinoflagellate cysts in the Yantian Port,Shenzhen, China北大核心CSCD

An annual quarterly survey of six stations in Yantian Port, Shenzhen, China was conducted from January 2020 to October 2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of Yantian Port. In total, 36 species representing five groups and two uncertain taxa were identified. The dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoidea, Alexandrium spp., Gymnodinium catenatum, Cochlodinium spp., and Lingulodinium polyedrum. The seasonal difference was not obvious in terms of temporal distribution. The number of species ranged from 32 to 36, and the abundance varied from 297 to 996 cysts/g. The annual average values of the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were 3.65, 1.55, and 0.93, respectively. The annual number and abundance of heterotrophic species were higher than those of autotrophic species. The number and abundance of species at stations near the dock zone were lower than those near the adjacent area. Notably, six toxic dinoflagellate cysts were found in the surface sediment of Yantian Port, indicating a potential outbreak risk for their vegetative cells in the local coastal area. This study provides a picture of the “Seed Bank” of dinoflagellates near Yantian Port, Shenzhen, and provides a reference value for predicting the occurrence of algal blooms. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

我国海洋经济高质量发展指标体系构建及时空分析——基于海洋强国战略背景

通过对海洋强国战略背景下我国海洋经济高质量发展内涵的分析,构建评价指标体系,运用全局熵权法对2013—2019年沿海11省份指标数据进行研究。结果发现:①时间上,我国沿海省份海洋经济发展质量整体呈上升趋势,广东、上海稳定处于高水平梯度,河北、广西、海南持续处于低水平,辽宁、福建、天津略有变动。②空间上,从海洋经济平均发展质量看,长三角位列第一;但在增长率方面珠三角高于长三角,第三是环渤海海洋经济区。③影响因素上,环境保护力度、科技创新能力、对外开放规模,海洋新兴产业等有待提高和发展。最后针对我国海洋经济高质量发展,提出相应建议。     

Environmental risks and the potential benefits of nanopesticides: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the escalating food demand of the ever-increasing global population and the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanopesticides are being proposed as...     

Research progress of heavy metals in desert—visual analysis based on CiteSpace

In this paper, Web of Science (a database) is used to retrieve related literature in the field of heavy metal pollution in desert. CiteSpace is used to make a quantitative and qualitative evaluation on the literature in the field on the basis of a brief analysis on the research status, research focus, and evolution process in the field. Through CiteSpace visual analysis, a comparative analysis is given on related literature in terms of annual number of published papers, author groups, and their countries and regions, journals, publishing institutions, highly cited papers, research focuses, and burst terms, so as to explore the research status and future development trend of the field on a global scale. The results are shown as follows: (1) The literature in the field was originally published in 2000; the number of published papers increased steadily. The literature was mostly published on high-quality journals, the USA topped in terms of the number of published papers, and the research results achieved by developed countries had a greater influence. Chinese Acad Sci topped with the highest centrality and most published papers, which have made outstanding contributions to the field and occupy a leading position in the field. However, the fact is that there lacks communication and cooperation among research institutions. The most influential journal is Science of the Total Environment. (2) The hot research words in the field are as follows: heavy metal, soil, pollution, lead, desert, cadmium, and microelement. (3) In the field, burst terms have transformed from atmospheric deposition, biomonitoring, and phytoremediation to trace element, stream sediment, street dust, and water quality, and finally transformed to river and sediment. New words keep emerging in the research, and more and more attention is paid to the issue of heavy metal pollution in river sediment, which will be a future research hotspot in the field.

     

Effect of indole-3-acetic acid supplementation on the physiology of Lolium perenne L. and microbial activity in cadmium-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) pollution has led to a serious deterioration in soil quality, plant growth, and human health. Therefore, restoration of soil quality is...